Past Tense and Present Tense

1. Simple Present Tense 

        Simple Present Tense is a form of sentence that states an action or event that is happening right now, or when it happens regularly. Simple Present Tense consists two kinds of sentences, namely Nominal Sentence and Verbal Sentence. 

        Nominal sentence is a linguistic term that refers to a nonverbal sentence. The formula of Nominal Sentence in Simple Present Tense is S + to be + non verb. For example: 

• I am a college student.
• She is beautiful. 
• The books are on the shelf 

        The formula of Verbal Sentence in Simple Present Tense is S + Verb1 (s/es). For example: 

• She looks great!
• Pauline loves pie.
• I speak English 

        In addition, Simple Present Tense also states about habitual action or occurences. For example: 

• Pauline practices the piano everyday.
• Ms. Jackson travel during the summer.
• I go to the market every Sunday. 

        How to Form the Simple Present 

• In the simple present, most regular verbs use the root form, except in the third- person singular (which ends in -s). For example, “She makes a delicious cake.”
• For a few verbs, the third-person singular ends with -es instead of -s. Typically, these are verbs whose root form ends in o, ch, sh, th, ss, gh, or z. For example, “Putri goes to the market.”  

        How to Make the Simple Present Negative 

• The formula for making a Verbal Sentence of Simple Present Tense negative is S + do/does + not + Verb1. You can also use the contraction don’t or doesn’t instead of do not or does not. Example:  - Pauline does not want to share the pie. - I don’t like the color of that shirt.
• To make Nominal Sentence negative, the formula is S + [to be] + not. Example:  "I am not a pie lover",  "They are not here". 

    How to Ask a Question 

• The formula for asking a question in the simple present is do/does + S + Verb1 or To be + S + nonverb Example:  "Do you know how to bake a pie?" "Are you an english teacher?"

                2.  Simple Past Tense 

        Simple past tense is a form of simple sentences to show that an event occurred in the past. The simple past tense shows that you are talking about something that has already happened. Simple past tense also consists Nominal Sentence and Verbal Sentence.

 

        The formula for nominal sentence in Simple Past Tense is S + to be (was, were) + non verb. For example, “I was in Gresik last week.” For verbal sentence, the formula is S + Verb2. Example: “They went to Bali last holiday.” 

        How to Make the Simple Past Negative 

• The formula is did not + Verb1. You can also use the contraction didn’t instead of did not. For example: I didn’t close the door. 
• For the verb to be, you don’t need the auxiliary did. When the subject of the sentence is singular, use was not or wasn’t. When the subject is plural, use were not or weren’t. Example:  "I wasn’t happy", "They weren’t in this class". 

        How to Ask a Question 

• The formula for asking a question in the simple past tense is did + S + Verb1. Example: "Did you wash your clothes yesterday?" "Did she wear her new dress last night?"
• When asking a question in nominal sentence, you don’t need the auxiliary did. The formula is was/were + [subject]. Example: "Riani wasn’t at the party last night." "We weren’t that close before." 

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